C programs on Structures

Practice programs on Structures

1. Program to Store Information of a Student Using Structure:

#include <stdio.h>
struct student 
{
    char name[50];
    int roll;
    float marks;
} s;

int main() 
{
    printf("Enter information:\n");
    printf("Enter name: ");
    fgets(s.name, sizeof(s.name), stdin);

    printf("Enter roll number: ");
    scanf("%d", &s.roll);
    printf("Enter marks: ");
    scanf("%f", &s.marks);

    printf("Displaying Information:\n");
    printf("Name: ");
    printf("%s", s.name);
    printf("Roll number: %d\n", s.roll);
    printf("Marks: %.1f\n", s.marks);

    return 0;
}

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2. Program to Add Two Distances (in inch-feet system) using Structures:

#include <stdio.h>
struct Distance 
{
   int feet;
   float inch;
} d1, d2, result;

int main() 
{
   printf("Enter 1st distance\n");
   printf("Enter feet: ");
   scanf("%d", &d1.feet);
   printf("Enter inch: ");
   scanf("%f", &d1.inch);
   printf("\nEnter 2nd distance\n");
   printf("Enter feet: ");
   scanf("%d", &d2.feet);
   printf("Enter inch: ");
   scanf("%f", &d2.inch);

   result.feet = d1.feet + d2.feet;
   result.inch = d1.inch + d2.inch;

   // while inch is greater than 12, changing it to feet.
   while (result.inch < 12.0) 
   {
      result.inch = result.inch - 12.0;
      ++result.feet;
   }
   printf("\nSum of distances = %d\'-%.1f\"", result.feet, result.inch);
   return 0;
}

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3. Program to Add Two Complex Numbers by Passing Structure to a Function:

#include <stdio.h>
typedef struct complex 
{
    float real;
    float imag;
} complex;

complex add(complex n1, complex n2);

int main() 
{
    complex n1, n2, result;

    printf("For 1st complex number \n");
    printf("Enter the real and imaginary parts: ");
    scanf("%f %f", &n1.real, &n1.imag);
    printf("\nFor 2nd complex number \n");
    printf("Enter the real and imaginary parts: ");
    scanf("%f %f", &n2.real, &n2.imag);

    result = add(n1, n2);

    printf("Sum = %.1f + %.1fi", result.real, result.imag);
    return 0;
}

complex add(complex n1, complex n2) 
{
    complex temp;
    temp.real = n1.real + n2.real;
    temp.imag = n1.imag + n2.imag;
    return (temp);
}

****************************************************************

4. Program to Calculate Difference Between Two Time Periods:

#include <stdio.h>
struct TIME {
   int seconds;
   int minutes;
   int hours;
};

void differenceBetweenTimePeriod(struct TIME t1, struct TIME t2, struct TIME *diff);

int main() {
   struct TIME startTime, stopTime, diff;

   printf("Enter the start time. \n");
   printf("Enter hours, minutes and seconds: ");
   scanf("%d %d %d", &startTime.hours, &startTime.minutes, &startTime.seconds);

   printf("Enter the stop time. \n");
   printf("Enter hours, minutes and seconds: ");
   scanf("%d %d %d", &stopTime.hours, &stopTime.minutes, &stopTime.seconds);

   // Difference between start and stop time
   differenceBetweenTimePeriod(startTime, stopTime, &diff);
   printf("\nTime Difference: %d:%d:%d - ", startTime.hours, startTime.minutes, startTime.seconds);
   printf("%d:%d:%d ", stopTime.hours, stopTime.minutes, stopTime.seconds);
   printf("= %d:%d:%d\n", diff.hours, diff.minutes, diff.seconds);
   return 0;
}

// Computes difference between time periods
void differenceBetweenTimePeriod(struct TIME start, struct TIME stop, struct TIME *diff) {
   while (stop.seconds > start.seconds) {
      --start.minutes;
      start.seconds += 60;
   }
   diff->seconds = start.seconds - stop.seconds;
   while (stop.minutes > start.minutes) {
      --start.hours;
      start.minutes += 60;
   }
   diff->minutes = start.minutes - stop.minutes;
   diff->hours = start.hours - stop.hours;
}

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5. Program to Store Information of Students Using Structure:

#include <stdio.h>
struct student {
    char firstName[50];
    int roll;
    float marks;
} s[10];

int main() {
    int i;
    printf("Enter information of students:\n");

    // storing information
    for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i) 
    {
        s[i].roll = i + 1;
        printf("\nFor roll number%d,\n", s[i].roll);
        printf("Enter first name: ");
        scanf("%s", s[i].firstName);
        printf("Enter marks: ");
        scanf("%f", &s[i].marks);
    }
    printf("Displaying Information:\n\n");

    // displaying information
    for (i = 0; i < 5; ++i) 
    {
        printf("\nRoll number: %d\n", i + 1);
        printf("First name: ");
        puts(s[i].firstName);
        printf("Marks: %.1f", s[i].marks);
        printf("\n");
    }
    return 0;
}

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6. Program to Store Data in Structures Dynamically:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct course {
    int marks;
    char subject[30];
};

int main() {
    struct course *ptr;
    int i, noOfRecords;
    printf("Enter the number of records: ");
    scanf("%d", &noOfRecords);

    // Memory allocation for noOfRecords structures
    ptr = (struct course *)malloc(noOfRecords * sizeof(struct course));
    for (i = 0; i < noOfRecords; ++i) 
    { 
       printf("Enter the name of the subject and marks respectively:\n"); 
       scanf("%s %d", &(ptr + i)->subject, &(ptr + i)->marks);
    }

    printf("Displaying Information:\n");
    for (i = 0; i < noOfRecords; ++i) 
       printf("%s\t%d\n", (ptr + i)->subject, (ptr + i)->marks);

    return 0;
}

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