ADC and DAC in Microcontrollers: Converting Between Analog and Digital
Learn how ADC and DAC work in microcontrollers. Covers resolution, reference voltage, sampling, code examples for STM32, accuracy tips, and when to use PWM as a DAC alternative.
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Pipelining in Embedded Systems
Learn how pipelining works in embedded processors, including pipeline stages, hazards (data, control, structural), and how pipeline depth affects performance, interrupt latency, and real-time behavior.
Power Supply and Voltage Regulators for Embedded Systems
Learn about power supply design for embedded systems including linear (LDO) and switching regulators, common voltage levels, battery types, decoupling capacitors, and practical design tips.
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) in Embedded Systems
Learn Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) in embedded systems. Covers duty cycle, frequency, LED dimming, motor control, servo positioning, tone generation, and hardware vs software PWM.
Debugging Embedded Systems: Tools and Techniques
Learn essential debugging techniques and tools for embedded systems including serial debugging, LED toggling, JTAG/SWD debuggers, logic analyzers, oscilloscopes, and systematic debugging strategies.
Sleep Modes and Low Power Techniques in Microcontrollers
Learn sleep modes in microcontrollers (ESP32, STM32, AVR): idle, light sleep, deep sleep, and shutdown. Covers wake-up sources, duty cycling, and practical tips for ultra-low-power designs.
Communication Interfaces: UART, SPI, and I2C Explained
Learn the three most common embedded communication interfaces: UART, SPI, and I2C. Understand how each works, their wiring, data formats, speeds, and when to use which protocol.
NTC and PTC Thermistors: Working, Differences, and Applications
Learn the differences between NTC and PTC thermistors, how they work, their applications in embedded systems, and how to read an NTC thermistor with a microcontroller using a voltage divider and ADC.
Power Consumption in Embedded Systems: What Every Developer Should Know
Learn power consumption fundamentals for embedded systems: where power goes, how to measure it, and key strategies to extend battery life including sleep modes, clock scaling, and power gating.
How to Select a Microcontroller: Complete Decision Guide
KEY TAKEAWAYS A microcontroller is like a microcomputer that is available on a single intermixed circuit. Microcontrollers are designed particularly to achieve certain operations in… Read More »How to Select a Microcontroller: Complete Decision Guide