Fundamental electronics concepts for embedded engineers — voltage dividers, transistor switches, op-amps, thermistors, power supplies, and number systems. Theory with practical application.
Key Takeaways You did the hardware right — stable reference voltage, low-impedance source, separate analogue ground, good decoupling. The ADC readings are still jittery. That… Read More »Filtering Noisy ADC Readings: 5 Practical Methods in Embedded C
Key Takeaways Every embedded engineer touches the ADC. It is the bridge between the analog world — sensors, voltages, temperatures, currents — and the digital… Read More »ADC in Microcontrollers: How It Works, Reading Patterns, and Common Pitfalls
Key Takeaways FlexiForce sensors are everywhere in embedded prototyping — they are thin, cheap, and easy to interface with a 5 V microcontroller. They are… Read More »FlexiForce Sensor Calibration: Repeatable Readings Guide
KEY TAKEAWAYS What Are Decoupling Capacitors? A decoupling capacitor (also called a bypass capacitor) is a small capacitor placed between the power supply pin (VCC/VDD)… Read More »Decoupling Capacitors in Embedded Design: Why, Where, and How
KEY TAKEAWAYS Why Embedded Engineers Need an Oscilloscope A logic analyzer tells you if a bit is HIGH or LOW. An oscilloscope tells you how… Read More »Using an Oscilloscope for Embedded Systems: Practical Guide
KEY TAKEAWAYS What Is a Logic Analyzer? A logic analyzer is a digital measurement instrument that captures and displays digital signals over time. Unlike an… Read More »Using a Logic Analyzer for Embedded Debugging: Complete Guide
KEY TAKEAWAYS Signal conditioning adapts raw sensor outputs (millivolts, resistance changes) to match the ADC input range of your microcontroller. Instrumentation amplifiers (INA126, AD620) provide… Read More »Signal Conditioning for Sensors: Amplification, Filtering, and Level Shifting
Learn about power supply design for embedded systems including linear (LDO) and switching regulators, common voltage levels, battery types, decoupling capacitors, and practical design tips.
Learn the differences between NTC and PTC thermistors, how they work, their applications in embedded systems, and how to read an NTC thermistor with a microcontroller using a voltage divider and ADC.
KEY TAKEAWAYS Sensors convert physical quantities (temperature, light, motion, pressure) into electrical signals the MCU can read. Actuators convert electrical signals into physical actions —… Read More »Sensors and Actuators in Embedded Systems: Types, Examples, Applications
